A UN war crimes investigation into the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in Gaza has found evidence that both sides committed “war crimes,” the global body said on Tuesday.

The investigation led by former South African judge Richard Goldstone concluded that “Israel committed actions amounting to war crimes, possibly crimes against humanity,” during its December 27-January 18 military operations against Palestinian rocket squads in the Gaza Strip.

The report “concludes there is also evidence that Palestinian armed groups committed war crimes, as well as possibly crimes against humanity,” by firing rockets at cities in southern Israel, the UN said.

Israel, which has refused to cooperate with the investigation, rejected the report’s conclusion.

“The mandate of the mission and the resolution establishing it prejudged the outcome of any investigation, gave legitimacy to the Hamas terrorist organization and disregarded the deliberate Hamas strategy of using Palestinian civilians as cover for launching terrorist attacks,” Israel’s Foreign Ministry said in a statement distributed by the country’s mission to the UN in Geneva.

The Palestinian group Hamas rules Gaza and has been accused by Israel of using human shields during the conflict, in which almost 1,400 Palestinians were killed – many of them civilians.

“Notwithstanding its reservations, Israel will read the report carefully,” the Foreign Ministry said, noting that the Israeli Defense Force has examined more than 100 allegations regarding the conduct of its forces during the Gaza operation, resulting in 23 criminal investigations.

The 575-page report, which was released ahead of its presentation to the UN Human Rights Council later this month, said Israel’s attacks in the Samouni neighborhood of Zeitoun, south of Gaza City, including the shelling of a house where soldiers had forced Palestinian civilians to assemble, amounted to war crimes.

It found that seven incidents where civilians were shot while leaving their homes trying to run for safety, waving white flags and sometimes even following Israeli instructions, as well as the targeting of a mosque at prayer time, killing 15 people, were also war crimes.

A “direct and intentional attack” on the Al Quds Hospital and an adjacent ambulance depot in Gaza City “may constitute war crimes,” the report said.

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